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Violent incidents, terrorist attacks, senseless shootings, health issues such as the Coronavirus, and natural disasters call attention to managerial leadership in crisis situations. Yukl and Van Fleet (1982) did the seminal work on this topic extended by Peterson and Van Fleet (2008) and Peterson et al. (2012). More recently, Geier (2016) reported findings based on firefighters while Htway and Casteel (2015) and Kapucu and Ustun (2018) studied public sector organizations. Since these studies all involved nonprofit organizations, an extension to for-profit organizations is warranted. There are differences between profit organizations and not-for-profit organizations (Collins, 2001;Collins, 2005). Because of the goals involved, there may be differences in the managerial leadership behaviors required by these types of organizations. Hannah and Parry (2013) specifically recommend expanding leadership research to many different extreme situations in an effort to understand different managerial leadership behaviors that adapt to varying crisis situations. Two samples reported here identify the critical managerial leadership behaviors desired by for-profit organizational participants in both stable and crisis situations. Finally, implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
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Firms have often used strategic alliances as a strategy to cope with increased uncertainty. This paper argues that a firm needs to learn to leverage its absorptive capacity to exploit and explore the contracting knowledge in strategic alliances so as to enhance efficiency, scope, and flexibility. It conceptually examines how a firm's contractual absorptive capacity co-evolves with its knowledge environment under uncertainty as part of learning. By integrating transaction cost economics and absorptive capacity literatures, this paper offers a rich picture of the co-evolutionary processes underlying contractual absorptive capacity in strategic alliances under uncertainty. It also incorporates a more refined (and underexplored) conceptualization of asset specificity and uncertainty, two key constructs in transaction cost economics, into the coevolutionary framework of absorptive capacity in strategic alliances. It illustrates some of the concepts with examples from the hospitality industry, where the impact of uncertainty is clearly evident - particularly in view of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Bullying at work and its impact on employees' intention to leave are the focus of this study. Specifically, this research aims to determine the link between workplace bullying and emotional exhaustion and the intention to leave. Data were gathered from 234 employees working in the Saif group of Pakistan through questionnaires. The study sample was drawn using the convenience sampling technique. The non-probability sampling technique was used because of the Covid 19 situation;as per government notification, only 50% of the staff was present in the offices. This study used SPSS V. 25 for direct relationships, Hayes model 4 for mediation analysis, and for model fitness, we used CFA (Amos 22). The results show that workplace bullying has a statistically significant and positive impact on the intention to quit and emotional exhaustion plays a significant role in mediating this connection (β=0.38***, SE=0.074, LLCI=0.3077 and ULCI=0.6176). Based on these results, we conclude that workplace bullying is a mayor cause of employees' exhaustion and compels them to depart from an organisation at some point. In light of these results, supervisors or line managers play a vital role in organisational sustainability by retaining skilful employees by making the workplace environment friendly and cooperative in the long run.
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PurposeThis research aims to develop a moderated mediation model to examine the relationships among participants' motivation, organizational identification and participation loyalty with perceived business practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) in philanthropic road-running events.Design/methodology/approachThe data come from a questionnaire survey that was administered to a sample of 236 participants as runners at philanthropic road-running events. All hypotheses are tested using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) and structural equation modeling (SEM)–Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) with a bootstrapping technique.FindingsThe results reveal that perceived business practice CSR moderates the relationship between extrinsic motivation and organizational identification and then influences the mediating effect of organizational identification on the relationship between extrinsic motivation and participation loyalty. This highlights the important role of perceived business practice CSR to participants' attitude and behavior when supporting philanthropic road-running events.Originality/valueThis research scrutinizes the role of perceived business practice CSR on philanthropic road-running events through an empirical study and resultant evidence. One recommendation is that when a firm intends to host a philanthropic road-running event, the firm must implement the reality of sound CSR in the firm's business practice.
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The pandemic brings many unforeseen changes. Thriving organizations are the ones that are agile and proactive. Change management and leadership training plays a key role in organizational change and development. This current study examines a group of international managers' virtual training experiences, helping managers to develop change mindsets to use disruptions as opportunities to lead organizations. This group of international managers were better prepared to be the change leaders, moving organizations forward to a thriving tomorrow.
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Digital badges are rapidly becoming a form of micro-credential used to evaluate competencies. This research contains two case studies, one on student perceptions and the other on employer interest in digital badges used in undergraduate business education. Both case studies presented students with a survey. The perceptions case study asked about student interest in badges used for employment, on social media, and with technology support, to find the relationship of these variables to motivation. The second case study examined perceptions of employer interest in digital badges, and students reported interest in collaboration, ethics and self-awareness, and innovation as it relates to critical thinking. Through hierarchical regression analyses, case #1 results indicate that student perceptions of earning digital badges were significantly and positively related to their interest in badges used for employment, with technology support, and motivation. Case #2 results showed that students interest in collaboration, and ethics and self-awareness, was significantly and positively related to critical thinking. Practical uses of digital badges in a postCOVID age are offered. Recommendations for future studies involving motivation, critical thinking, and improved academic performance are offered.
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This study tries to identify the determinants that affect the effectiveness of internal auditing for listed firms in India. A sample of 300 listed companies was drawn. Questionnaires were mailed to the head of audit department, internal audit managers, internal auditor and head of accounts of each company. The overall response rate was 28.3%. The results were derived by applying multiple regression method and the three determinants turned out to be significant. The three determinants are risk-based planning, usage of Big Data and Analytics, and frequency of meetings of internal auditor (IA) with audit committee (AC) respectively. The model explains 42.8% of variations in the dependent variable (IA effectiveness). The study indeed encourages internal auditors to develop their core skills and competencies in the area of risk assessment and Big Data and Analytics for delivering better services to the auditees, the board of directors and the AC members. The implications of these findings may be of importance to internal audit professionals, accounting professional bodies and the regulators. Direction for future research is also provided.
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Purpose>The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the relationship between emotional intelligence and materialism by exploring how subjective well-being mediates this link.Design/methodology/approach>Data was collected from surveying 1,000 Lithuanians within random sampling, and structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques using SmartPLS were used to analyze the data.Findings>The results show that emotional intelligence not only has a negative indirect effect on materialism but also a positive impact on both dimensions of subjective well-being (satisfaction with life and affect balance). In addition, the findings indicate that both satisfaction with life and affect balance predict a decrease in materialism. Finally, the SEM analyzes show that the path between emotional intelligence and materialism is partially mediated by both satisfaction with life and affect balance.Social implications>The results of this study expand the understanding to what extent and how emotional intelligence is able to assist in adjusting materialistic attitudes, which have become more prevalent with the respective growth of consumerism and consumer culture worldwide. In the light of unsustainable consumption patterns threatening the survival of humankind and nature, the opportunities that could reverse this trend are presented for marketers and policy makers. This study gives insight into the potential pathways for diminishing consumer materialism, which is considered detrimental to subjective well-being and mental health.Originality/value>The relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being has been well documented, as has the link between materialism and subjective well-being. However, the simultaneous examination of the relationship between emotional intelligence, subjective well-being and materialism is lacking. The current study adds to the understanding of materialism not only by examining the effect of under-researched antecedent such as emotional intelligence but also by explaining the underlying mechanism of subjective well-being by which emotional intelligence connects to materialism.
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Purpose>The purpose of this study is to understand the determinants affecting behavioral intention (BI) to use ePharmacy services. The moderating role of technology discomfort in the relationship between BI and the actual use of ePharmacies in the context of Bangladesh is also examined.Design/methodology/approach>A descriptive, quantitative approach was used to consider the UTAUT-2 model. Using the convenience sampling method, 255 responses were collected. The data were analyzed using Smart-PLS 3.2 software to investigate the hypothesized relationships.Findings>The findings reveal that website information, doctors’ services, performance expectancy, return policy, social influence, perceived reliability and facilitating conditions are significantly related to the BI to use ePharmacy services. Interestingly, the structural equation modeling results also confirmed that technology discomfort has no moderating effect on the relationship between BI and actual usage behavior.Research limitations/implications>This research provides theoretical contribution by extending the practical knowledge focusing on the relationship of ePharmacy, BI and actual usage behavior by using UTAUT-2 model – a relevant and unexplored issue in the easting literature, offering several research opportunities as the future avenue.Practical implications>The result highlights the economic and social relevance from the perspective of a developing country. As people are showing their intention toward ePharmacy, managers and decision-makers need to take strategic decision to overcome any difficulties. Policymakers need to improve their services for the expansion of ePharmacy through different development projects.Originality/value>This study advances past studies on the use of ecommerce in the pharmaceutical industry and provides a general understanding of customers in developing countries.
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Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste artigo é compreender o comportamento de jovens em início de carreira no contexto da Covid-19, considerando a intenção de continuar utilizando os serviços da rede social profissional LinkedIn. Originalidade/valor: Este artigo amplia o escopo dos estudos de aceitação na intenção de continuar utilizando (uso contínuo) o LinkedIn, analisando uma série de fatores positivos e negativos em relação aos processos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. Os autores coletaram dados de um survey (n = 386) e, com o objetivo de testar as hipóteses, aplicaram a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE), com estimação de mínimos quadrados parciais, e um efeito moderador com o construto otimismo tecnológico para as variáveis preditivas da intenção de continuar utilizando. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que todas as relações diretas e indiretas foram aceitas, exceto uma moderação (H7d), que foi rejeitada, visto que os usuários menos otimistas com a tecnologia podem se sentir positivamente sobrecarregados quanto ao nível de utilidade percebida do serviço. A variedade de serviços do LinkedIn pode levar o usuário a uma intenção de continuidade no uso da plataforma, uma vez que o objetivo dessa rede é facilitar a autoapresentação coletiva, mantendo as relações profissionais ativas. Os resultados também indicaram que os entrevistados da amostra são mais propensos a se envolverem ativa e semipassivamente no LinkedIn.Alternate :Purpose: The primary purpose of this article is to understand the behavior of young people at the beginning of their careers, in the context of Covid-19, considering the intention to continue using the services of the professional social network LinkedIn. Originality/value: This article expands the scope of studying a user group from acceptance in the continuance intention (continuous use) of LinkedIn, analyzing a series of positive and negative factors regarding the processes. Design/methodology/approach: We carried out a descriptive quantitative approach. The authors collected data from a survey (n = 386). To test the hypotheses, the researchers applied the technique of structural equation modeling (SEM), with estimation and partial least squares, and a moderating effect with the technological optimism construct for the predictive variables of the intention to continue using. Findings: The results indicated that all direct and indirect relationships were accepted, except a moderation (H7d) which was rejected, considering that users less optimistic about the technology may feel positively overwhelmed regarding the service's perceived usefulness. LinkedIn's variety of services can lead users to continue using the platform. The platform's objective is to facilitate collective self-presentation, keeping professional relationships active. The results also indicated that the sample respondents are more likely to be actively and semi-passively involved on LinkedIn.
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Purpose>This study defines a three-angled research plan to intensify the knowledge and development undergoing in the retail sector. It proposes a theoretical framework of the customer journey to explain the customers' intent to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as a protective measure for interaction between the customer and the brand.Design/methodology/approach>This study presents a research agenda from three-dimensional online search, ML and AI algorithms. This paper enhances the readers' understanding by reviewing the literature present in utilizing AI in the customer journey and presenting a theoretical framework.Findings>Using AI tools like Chatbots, Recommenders, Virtual Assistance and Interactive Voice Recognition (IVR) helps create improved brand awareness, better customer relationships marketing and personalized product modification.Originality/value>This study intends to identify a research plan based on investigating customer journey trends in today's changing times with AI incorporation. The research provides a novel model framework of the customer journey by directing customers into different stages and providing different touchpoints in each stage, all supported with AI and ML.
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Purpose>Consumer adoption of online shopping continues to increase each year. At the same time, online retailers face intense competition and few are profitable. This suggests that businesses and researchers still have much to learn regarding key antecedents of online shopping adoption and success. Based on extensive past research that has focused on the importance of various online shopping antecedents, this work seeks to provide an integrative, comprehensive nomological network.Design/methodology/approach>The authors employ a mixed-methods approach to develop a comprehensive model of consumers online shopping behavior. To that end, in addition to a literature review, qualitative data are collected to identify a broad array of possible antecedents. Then, using a longitudinal survey, the model of consumer shopping intentions and behaviors is validated among 9,992 consumers.Findings>The authors identified antecedents to online shopping related to culture, demographics, economics, technology and personal psychology. Our quantitative analysis showed that the main drivers of online shopping were congruence, impulse buying behavior, value consciousness, risk, local shopping, shopping enjoyment, and browsing enjoyment.Originality/value>The validated model provides a rich explanation of the phenomenon of online shopping that integrates and extends prior work by incorporating new antecedents.
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This paper aims to examine mindfulness as a potential mediator of readiness for change to work Performance among health workers such as Nurse, Doctors, and back offices in hospitals in Indonesia. We are using the quantitative method in this research. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach analyzed the data. The population is 206 health workers in Indonesia as a sample of research. A direct and indirect correlation between Readiness for Change to Work Performance through Mindfulness value is 0. 736 with ß 15.731. Mindfulness is proven to function as a mediator moderate.
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The present research aims to analyze civil servants work engagement in the Romanian state's public administration, meaning the central and territorial public administrations organizations. The purpose of the study is to create a comprehensive image regarding the level of civil servants work engagement in the Romanian states public administration, taking into consideration the major importance of these institutions in the successful implementation of governmental reforms and crisis management, such as the Coronavirus pandemic and its economic and social impact. In order to better understand civil servants' attitudes and behaviors that reveal their level of work engagement, the items used in the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale developed by Schaufeli and Bakker (2004) were chosen, as well as three new items, based on the studies identified in the literature review process. A total of646 respondents (civil servants) participated in the study. Findings suggest that civil servants in Romania's public administration have a high degree of work engagement, stating that they have a high level of energy and mental resistance during their work, are eager to put out effort in their work, and are persistent in the face of adversity. In comparison to female civil servants, men declared they adopted behaviors particular to a higher level of dedication, indicating that gender is a variable impacting work engagement. The occupied position, as well as the administrative level of the organization where the respondents worked, have no bearing on job engagement. The study adds new insights to the scarce literature on work engagement by examining the level of engagement among civil servants in the state's public administration and how it differs with respect to various sociodemographic and job-related variables. This is especially true in the Romanian context, where little research has been conducted in this direction.
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Purpose>The purpose of this paper is to examine the experiences of employees who are exposed to dysfunctional behaviors by their leaders in a healthcare organization.Design/methodology/approach>This study employed a qualitative methodology drawing on 25 semi-structured interviews with administrative and clinical employees working in a healthcare setting operating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Findings>This study’s findings provide insights into dysfunctional leadership phenomena based on employees’ personal experiences with dysfunctional leaders. Dysfunctional leaders have several harmful behaviors, such as behaving in abusive ways, marginalizing others, engaging in favoritism, and degrading employees. This study also demonstrated that the leaders’ negative behavior directly influences employees to leave their jobs, contributes to feelings of alienation at work, reduces their commitment, and frequently creates serious psychological and physical problems. This study also discovered that over time the negative effects of a dysfunctional leader do not stop at employees;it also filters through to other areas such as the organizational environment and family life.Originality/value>Dysfunctional leadership is under-studied within the context of the Middle Eastern region. Therefore, this study’s findings provide theoretical and practical implications. It provides information about employee experiences and how dysfunctional behavior influences individuals and, ultimately, organizational life. Furthermore, this study has value to practitioners by offering suggestions for organizational interventions for creating more effective policies and programs to support employees’ careers and well-being.
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Purpose>This study aims to find out the differences in the employee well-being of teleworkers in Hungary prior to and during the pandemic restrictions and explores whether the differences stem from (1) the presence of children or (2) the changes in the telework situation (freely chosen or forced by pandemic restrictions).Design/methodology/approach>As the first step of this study of office workers, the authors created a “one working day” measure within the conceptual framework of positive psychology that is suitable for comparing the well-being factors experienced in various work environments. The survey was completed by two independent samples: 52 office workers regarding home office before the appearance of the virus in Europe (Phase 1) and 152 office workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary (Phase 2).Findings> This research reveals that teleworking during the pandemic has increased irritability and tension for all teleworkers, but the stress levels, the overall subjective well-being and the level of engagement were significantly affected only in the case of those teleworkers who raise small children. Despite the overlapping responsibilities of parents, their work-related sense of accomplishment did not change during the COVID-19 lockdown. The forced home office setup may, however, entail the strengthening of co-worker relationships in the online space.Originality/value>By understanding the relationship between well-being predictors and the changes in the situation of remote working, the results may help develop intervention programs to promote employee well-being in challenging times.
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Purpose>The study aims to investigate the roles of trust and team cohesiveness as mediating variables to transmit the effect of transformational leadership dimensions on job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach>The study employs a quantitative approach with 405 respondents as the samples. The respondents are teachers and staff of schools in East Java, Indonesia. The data are analyzed using partial least square (PLS).Findings>Trust and team cohesiveness fully mediate the relationship between idealized influences on job satisfaction. Besides, idealized influence, inspirational motivation and individualized consideration directly affect job satisfaction.Research limitations/implications>The relationship between transformational leadership and employee job satisfaction in educational institutions has been rarely explored. The study contributes to the literature on the role of trust and team cohesiveness in transmitting the effect of transformational leadership dimensions on job satisfaction of school employees.Practical implications>To increase employee job satisfaction at schools, principals need to be highly concerned about trust in the leader–follower relationship. Therefore, principals are responsible for responding to the followers' needs and aspirations and caring for followers.Originality/value>The significance of the result findings lies in the detailed model that transmits the direct and indirect effect of the transformational leadership dimensions on job satisfaction.
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The aim of the study is to explore the employers' demands for personal skills in graduate and junior positions in the field of digital marketing. The research summarizes the review of academic literature on transferable soft skills, focusing on the digital marketing sector. Job requirements in digital marketing related to graduate and junior employability skills are studied for the following occupations: junior digital marketing manager, social media manager and digital marketing manager assistant. The article presents the findings of a content analysis of 5548 digital marketing job advertisements downloaded in February 2021, in a period of one month, from the top five job finding websites in Hungary. The authors' classification framework includes a core set of relevant skills and competences that can be used to conduct the assessment. Thirty-one most frequently mentioned soft and hard skill categories are grouped into five main categories and analyzed with quantitative methods. Within the scope of the study, an occurrence frequency analysis is conducted in job advertisement texts and the data is analyzed with descriptive statistical methods. Moreover, the findings cover the importance of foreign language knowledge and software knowledge as they appear in job ads. The differences between foreign and multinational companies' soft skill requirements are still under examination. The data show that, while hard skills in job advertisements are still dominant, soft skills are also emphasized in the field of digital marketing. In analyzing the results, the authors look at what employers focus on when searching for graduate students and employees for junior positions. The academic and practical implications of the study are useful for further research, as it presents a collection of essential digital marketing employability skills.
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Purpose>The purpose of this paper is to analyze how fashion consumers behave when they make purchases using social media platforms – specifically, Instagram. In particular, the work examines the role played by consumer–brand involvement and self–brand connection (SBC) as predictors of customer brand engagement (CBE).Design/methodology/approach>In this paper, social commerce-adoption is modeled, using three variables: customer engagement, SBC and fashion-consumer brand-involvement. Using a personal online survey, data on social media users classified as millennials and Generation Z were collected. The model is analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).Findings>Consumer involvement in fashion has a positive effect on cognitive processing and activation, but not on affection. SBC has a positive effect on all three analyzed dimensions. Finally, gender is found to exert a moderating effect on the relationship between the “CBE activation” dimension and brand loyalty.Research limitations/implications>The research was conducted during the lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have influenced the responses. Other limitations and potential lines of research for the future are presented at the end of the paper.Practical implications>Some of the results of this study can directly inform the social media strategies of fashion companies that use Instagram as a channel of communication with their customers. They can also contribute to incentivizing co-created content and increasing consumption among both men and women.Originality/value>The present study contributes to addressing the scarcity of studies dealing with CBE and social commerce in the fashion sector and, in particular, fashion-consumer behavior on social media (specifically, Instagram).
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PurposeDespite a burgeoning literature on family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), it is unclear whether supervisors view these behaviors as in-role or discretionary. We proposed a new cognitive motivational construct, FSSB role perceptions (FSSB-RP;that is the extent to which supervisors perceive FSSB as an expected part of their job) and evaluated it as a mediator of the relationship between supervisors' own work–family experiences and FSSB.Design/methodology/approachWe used an online survey of 245 US based supervisors.FindingsWe find that FSSB role perceptions is a unique but related construct to FSSB, and that approximately half of our sample of 245 supervisors either do not believe that FSSB is a part of their job or are unsure as to whether it is. Path analyses revealed that supervisors' own experiences of work–family conflict and enrichment are related to engaging in FSSB through role perceptions, especially when a reward system is in place that values FSSB.Practical implicationsThese results may influence the design, implementation and dissemination of leader family-supportive training programs.Originality/valueThe factors that drive supervisors to engage in FSSB are relatively unknown, yet this study suggests the novel construct of FSSB role perceptions and supervisors' own work–family experiences are important factors.